Retailing walls are built for the purpose of restraining soil to unnatural slope. They retain soil lying between two regions of uneven elevations. The areas they are constructed vary. They are often constructed in places where engineering and shaping needs to be done severely for functions like hillside farming and roadway overpass. Other area where a retaining wall may be constructed is a place where there is an undesirable slope.
There are many types of these walls. Some of the examples are gravity, piling, cantilever, and anchored walls. They are meant to support a wedge of soil. The design and construction is done in a way as to counteract the tendency of retained material to shift downslope as a result of gravity. Gravity creates lateral earth pressure on the back of the wall. The pressure depends on the angle of friction and cohesive strength of the material retained.
The ability of gravity walls depends on their mass to resist pressure behind. They get made of heavy material including concrete and stone. Batter setback may be incorporated to improve their stability so that they lean back toward the material that is being held back. The dry-stacked variety of gravity walls are made flexible and in areas prone to frosting, the footing is not made rigid.
Most retaining walls constructed during the early years of the 20th century were of the gravity variety. Their construction was done using big masses of concrete and stone. Those that are being constructed in modern times are made of composite materials. Major construction materials include crib walls, soil-nailed walls, and gabions. Construction of gabions is done using stacked steel wire baskets which are filled with rocks.
The construction of cantilevered retaining walls is done from internal stems made from mortared masonry, steel-reinforced, and cast-in-place concrete. The front may be buttressed in some situations. For additional strength to resist heavy loads, the front side may comprise of counterfort. Buttresses are made to resemble wing walls and are installed perpendicularly to the trend of the main wall. Compared to gravity walls, cantilevered walls consume less construction material.
Tight spaces and soils that are soft are suitable with sheet pile retaining walls. This variety is made from various materials including vinyl, wood planks, and steel, which are driven underground. About two thirds of the material stands above the ground while a third is driven underground. The measurement of material driven underground and the one remaining above may be varied depending on the situation.
Bored pile walls are built by assembling a series of bored piles. Excess soil in the construction site must be excavated first. The construction process employs many techniques and processes including soil enhancement operations, reinforcing beams, earth anchors, and shotcrete reinforcement layer. Bored pile walls can be built anywhere where sheet piling walls are feasible but cannot be built as a result of excess vibration and noise the process involves.
Styles of construction have evolved a lot. In the same way, methods of reinforcing the walls are many and diverse. Some common methods of retaining include cellular confinement, soil nailing, soil-strengthening, and gabion meshes.
There are many types of these walls. Some of the examples are gravity, piling, cantilever, and anchored walls. They are meant to support a wedge of soil. The design and construction is done in a way as to counteract the tendency of retained material to shift downslope as a result of gravity. Gravity creates lateral earth pressure on the back of the wall. The pressure depends on the angle of friction and cohesive strength of the material retained.
The ability of gravity walls depends on their mass to resist pressure behind. They get made of heavy material including concrete and stone. Batter setback may be incorporated to improve their stability so that they lean back toward the material that is being held back. The dry-stacked variety of gravity walls are made flexible and in areas prone to frosting, the footing is not made rigid.
Most retaining walls constructed during the early years of the 20th century were of the gravity variety. Their construction was done using big masses of concrete and stone. Those that are being constructed in modern times are made of composite materials. Major construction materials include crib walls, soil-nailed walls, and gabions. Construction of gabions is done using stacked steel wire baskets which are filled with rocks.
The construction of cantilevered retaining walls is done from internal stems made from mortared masonry, steel-reinforced, and cast-in-place concrete. The front may be buttressed in some situations. For additional strength to resist heavy loads, the front side may comprise of counterfort. Buttresses are made to resemble wing walls and are installed perpendicularly to the trend of the main wall. Compared to gravity walls, cantilevered walls consume less construction material.
Tight spaces and soils that are soft are suitable with sheet pile retaining walls. This variety is made from various materials including vinyl, wood planks, and steel, which are driven underground. About two thirds of the material stands above the ground while a third is driven underground. The measurement of material driven underground and the one remaining above may be varied depending on the situation.
Bored pile walls are built by assembling a series of bored piles. Excess soil in the construction site must be excavated first. The construction process employs many techniques and processes including soil enhancement operations, reinforcing beams, earth anchors, and shotcrete reinforcement layer. Bored pile walls can be built anywhere where sheet piling walls are feasible but cannot be built as a result of excess vibration and noise the process involves.
Styles of construction have evolved a lot. In the same way, methods of reinforcing the walls are many and diverse. Some common methods of retaining include cellular confinement, soil nailing, soil-strengthening, and gabion meshes.
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